Malachi 1:3

Translations

Modern

…but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”

Traditional

And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.

Literal

…and Esau I have hated, and I set his mountains as a desolation and his inheritance for the jackals of the desert.”

Latin

Esau autem odio habui, et posui montes ejus in solitudinem, et hæreditatem ejus in dracones deserti.

Original

Hebrew

English

…but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”

Notes

Malachi 1:3

hated (the opposite of loved in Malachi 1:2): Love and hate are opposite words in Old Testament legal and prophetic texts (see Deuteronomy 7:9–10; Amos 5:15). They often describe the separation caused by a broken covenant. Here, God says he rejected Esau and his descendants, the Edomites. Esau had despised and rejected a covenant relationship with the Lord (see Genesis 25:34; 26:34–35).
Esau was the ancestor of the Edomite nation. His inheritance, the territory of Edom, was on the southeastern edge of the Dead Sea. The mention of Jacob and Esau reminds us of the twin brothers’ rivalry (Genesis 25:23–26).

Malachi 1:2–5

Malachi’s sermons use a literary form called disputation (a structured argument). This form sounds like a courtroom scene and gives the message the tone of a trial. In the first disputation, the prophet states the central truth that God loves Israel (Malachi 1:2).

After this, the prophet challenges the people and responds to their objections. He develops this main claim through five additional messages that follow.

Theme notes and profiles

Esau God’s Covenant Love

Events

Prophecies of Malachic. 442 BC

Related verses

Joel 3:19
Egypt will become desolate, and Edom a desert wasteland, because of the violence done to the people of Judah, in whose land they shed innocent blood.
Obadiah 1:10
Because of the violence against your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame and cut off forever.
Ezekiel 35:3–4
…and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, O Mount Seir. I will stretch out My hand against you and make you a desolate waste.
Jeremiah 49:16–18
The terror you cause and the pride of your heart have deceived you, O dwellers in the clefts of the rocks, O occupiers of the mountain summit. Though you elevate your nest like the eagle, even from there I will bring you down,” declares the LORD.
Ezekiel 36:9
For behold, I am on your side; I will turn toward you, and you will be tilled and sown.
Jeremiah 9:11
“And I will make Jerusalem a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without inhabitant.”
Obadiah 1:18–21
Then the house of Jacob will be a blazing fire, and the house of Joseph a burning flame; but the house of Esau will be stubble—Jacob will set it ablaze and consume it. Therefore no survivor will remain from the house of Esau.” For the LORD has spoken.
Ezekiel 25:13–14
…therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I will stretch out My hand against Edom and cut off from it both man and beast. I will make it a wasteland, and from Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword.
Ezekiel 36:3–4
…therefore prophesy and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Because they have made you desolate and have trampled you on every side, so that you became a possession of the rest of the nations and were taken up in slander by the lips of their talkers,
Isaiah 35:7
The parched ground will become a pool, the thirsty land springs of water. In the haunt where jackals once lay, there will be grass and reeds and papyrus.
Ezekiel 36:7
Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I have sworn with an uplifted hand that surely the nations around you will endure reproach of their own.
Jeremiah 51:37
Babylon will become a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals, an object of horror and scorn, without inhabitant.

Parallels

Genesis 25:19–28 Romans 9:6–29

People

Esau: Isaac's firstborn son; sold birthright to Jacob; became Edom

Glossary

Desert Dragon Edom, Edomites Hatred Jackal Malachi, Book of

Topics

Dragon: A Serpent or the Desert Edomites: Prophecies Concerning God: Love of, Exemplified Jackal: A Carnivorous Animal Mountains: (Made Waste) of Desolation Predestination: General Scriptures Concerning The Dragon: Found in The Wilderness The Edomites: Country of: Mountainous and Rocky The Love of God: Exhibited in Election

Malachi 1:3

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Events

Related verses

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