2 Chronicles 36:13

Zedekiah Reigns in Judah · 2 Chronicles 36:11–14
Read 2 Chronicles 36

Translations

Modern
He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.
Traditional
And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the Lord God of Israel.
Literal
And also he rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had caused him to swear by God. And he stiffened his neck and strengthened his heart against turning to YHWH, God of Israel.
Latin
A rege quoque Nabuchodonosor recessit, qui adjuraverat eum per Deum: et induravit cervicem suam et cor ut non reverteretur ad Dominum Deum Israël.

Original

Hebrew
English
He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.

Notes

swear by God: The vassal oath given to him was likely similar to those from Assyrian treaties, sworn in the name of the vassal's god.

Jeremiah repeatedly advised Zedekiah to surrender to the Babylonians instead of seeking help from Egypt (Jeremiah 25:1–11; 27:1–22; 34:1–22; 37:1–38:28). However, Zedekiah refused to humble himself and rebelled, breaking his oath.

Theme notes and profiles

Nebuchadnezzar II Hardened Hearts

Parallels

2 Kings 24:18–20 Jeremiah 52:1–3

People

Israel: Patriarch, son of Isaac, father of twelve tribes Nebuchadnezzar: Emperor of Babylon who conquered Judah

Glossary

Book of Jeremiah Chaldea, Chaldeans Chronicles, Books of First and Second First Book of Esdras Genealogy Zedekiah

Topics

Assyria: Jews Carried Captive To Falsehood: Zedekiah, in Violating his Oath of Allegiance to Nebuchadnezzer Impenitence: Zedekiah Kings: Who Reigned Over Judah: Zedekiah Nebuchadnezzar: Conquests of Jerusalem Oath: Zedekiah Violates Perjury: Zedekiah Prophecies Concerning Israel: Zedekiah is Made King by Nebuchadnezzar Rebellion Against God: Zedekiah Rulers: Wicked: Zedekiah, Following the Evil Example of Jehoiakim Self-Will and Stubbornness: Exhibited in Hardening the Heart Self-Will and Stubbornness: Zedekiah Self-Will: Exhibited in Hardening the Heart Self-Will: Zedekiah The Death of the Wicked: Sometimes Without Fear Zedekiah: Made King of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar: The Evil Reign of Zedekiah: Made King of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar: Throws off his Allegiance to Nebuchadnezzar