Exodus 10:1

Translations

Modern

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them,

Traditional

And the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him:

Literal

And YHWH said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh, for I have made heavy his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may set these signs of Mine within him,

Latin

Et dixit Dominus ad Moysen: Ingredere ad Pharaonem: ego enim induravi cor ejus, et servorum illius, ut faciam signa mea hæc in eo:

Original

Hebrew

English

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them,

Notes

Exodus 10:1–20

The eighth plague was the plague of locusts (10:4). Enough time had passed since the previous plague for the wheat and spelt to sprout (see 9:32).

The Egyptian god Osiris was highly honored by the people in Egypt. Egyptians believed he went down into the underworld and brought plant life back in the spring. For them, he was connected with renewal and life after death.

This second and climactic attack on plant life showed that even Osiris had no power before the Lord. God alone controls life and death.

New plants that grow in the spring do not give eternal life. True life comes from the Lord, not from nature or from any false god.

Theme notes and profiles

Egypt Moses Pharaoh Hardened Hearts The Plagues

Events

Exodus from Egypt

Related verses

Exodus 4:21
The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.
Exodus 7:13–14
Still, Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.
Romans 9:17
For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”
Exodus 3:20
So I will stretch out My hand and strike the Egyptians with all the wonders I will perform among them. And after that, he will release you.
Exodus 14:17–18
And I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them. Then I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army and chariots and horsemen.
1 Samuel 4:8
Woe to us! Who will deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who struck the Egyptians with all kinds of plagues in the wilderness.
Exodus 9:34–35
When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart—he and his officials.
Exodus 7:4
Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.
Exodus 9:27
Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,” he said. “The LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.
Exodus 15:14–15
The nations will hear and tremble; anguish will grip the dwellers of Philistia.
Joshua 2:9–10
…and said to them, “I know that the LORD has given you this land and that the fear of you has fallen on us, so that all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of you.
Joshua 4:23–24
For the LORD your God dried up the waters of the Jordan before you until you had crossed over, just as He did to the Red Sea, which He dried up before us until we had crossed over.

People

Moses: Prophet who led Israel out of Egypt Pharaoh: Egyptian Pharaoh during the Exodus

Glossary

Aaron Book of Exodus Deuteronomy, Book of History of Israel Numbers and Numerology Plague Plagues upon Egypt

Topics

Animals: Instruments of God's Will Egyptians: Refuse to Release the Israelites Egyptians: Visted by Plagues Falsehood: Pharaoh, in Dealing Deceitfully with the Israelites Government: Mosaic: Among the Egyptians Locust: Plague of Miracles: Design of Moses: Under Divine Direction Brings Plagues Upon the Land of Egypt Plague: Locusts Rulers: Wicked: Pharaoh, Oppressing the Israelites Sin: The Egyptians

Exodus 10:1

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