Translations
Original
Notes
Treaties and covenants had conditions. Israel's blessings depended on the people's obedience to God's terms, to whom they had sworn obedience (Exodus 24:7; Joshua 24:21–22). But the covenant itself was unchangeable (Leviticus 26:44–45; see Romans 11:29). Israel could not cancel it. The people had two choices: obedience, which brought blessings; or rebellion, which brought curses.
These blessings and curses are similar to a key part of ancient Near Eastern treaties between a suzerain (a powerful king) and a vassal (a lesser king). In these treaties, the suzerain king promised to protect the vassal king and his land. In return, the vassal swore loyalty to the suzerain.
Blessings and curses followed, with curses usually being longer (compare Leviticus 26:3–13 with 26:14–39; see also Deuteronomy 27:15–28:68). These treaties often called upon gods as witnesses and enforcers. Yet, in God's covenant with Israel, God was one of the treaty parties, with Israel as the other. Since God could not swear by anyone greater, he swore by himself (see Hebrews 6:13; Genesis 22:16).
Ancient Law Codes Blessing Counsel from Others Curses and Blessings God’s Covenants Promised Land The Land True Success
Glossary
Biblical Concept of Law Branch Curse, Cursed Deuteronomy, Book of Earth History of Israel Leviticus, Book of Ransom Remnant Reward
Topics
Blessing: Contingent Upon Obedience Contingencies in Divine Government of Man Holy Land: Obedience the Condition of Continuing In Obedience: Enjoined Rain: Contingent Upon Obedience Reward: A Motive to Faithfulness The Armies of Israel with the Aid of God All-Powerful