Keraia
Judges 1

Judges 1:30

The Failure to Complete the Conquest · Judges 1:27–36
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Translations

Modern
Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.
Traditional
Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.
Literal
Zebulun did not dispossess those dwelling in Kitron, and those dwelling in Nahalol; and the Canaanite dwelt among them and were put to forced labor.
Latin
Zabulon non delevit habitatores Cetron, et Naalol: sed habitavit Chananæus in medio ejus, factusque est ei tributarius.

Original

Hebrew
English
Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.

Notes

Judges 1:22–36

Mentions of Joseph's descendants (Judges 1:22, 35) highlight the northern tribes' failures to remove their enemies.

Judges 1:21–36

The tribes of Israel did not keep the covenant. Their complacency was rebellion against the Lord, as shown in the rest of the book of Judges.

Judges 1:1–2:5

The first prologue talks about how the tribes did not follow Joshua's farewell instructions (Joshua 23).

Theme notes and profiles

Oppression of God’s People

People

Zebulun: Israelite tribe, son of Jacob and Leah

Places

Canaan: Ancient region; descendants of Ham; promised to Abraham's descendants Kitron: A city in Zebulun not conquered Nahalol: A Levitical city in Zebulun

Glossary

Canaan, Canaanite Galilee Joshua, Book of Judges, Book of Kattath Kitron Land Levitical Cities Nahalal Nahalol Tribe of Dan Valley of Jezreel

Topics

Canaanites: Not Expelled Israel: Under the Judges: The Original Inhabitants not Fully Expelled Kitron: A City of the Tribe of Zebulun Nahallal: A Levitical City The Canaanites: Partially Subdued by Israel the Tribe of Zebulun: Unable to Drive out the Canaanites from Their Cities, But Tribe of Zebulun: Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Territory of, not Expelled Tribute (Taxes): from Conquered Nations Tribute: Exacted from all Conquered Nations