Galatians 2:3

The Council at Jerusalem · Galatians 2:1–10
Read Galatians 2

Translations

Modern
Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek.
Traditional
But neither Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised:
Literal
But not even Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised,
Latin
Sed neque Titus, qui mecum erat, cum esset gentilis, compulsus est circumcidi:

Original

Greek
English
Yet not even Titus, who was with me, was compelled to be circumcised, even though he was a Greek.

Notes

The apostles in Jerusalem fully agreed with Paul's message. They all believed the same good news: God's grace comes through faith in Christ, not by following the law. The Jerusalem apostles clearly did not believe that circumcision was necessary for a non-Jew like Titus.

When Paul visited Jerusalem for the second time, the other apostles agreed that what he was teaching was correct. According to tradition, Paul was writing about the important meeting of church leaders described in Acts 15:1–41. However, it is more likely that Paul was talking about his earlier visit to Jerusalem (Acts 11:30; 12:25; see Galatians Book Introduction, "Date of Writing").

The Judaizers (people who insisted on following Jewish customs) came to Galatia. They preached that both faith and circumcision were necessary. They questioned Paul's authority as an apostle and tried to discredit his message. Paul defended his authority by showing that past events proved his message was the true good news.

Some people were against Paul and questioned whether he was a true apostle. They did not believe he was honest and did not think he had the right to be a leader in the church. So Paul begins his letter by explaining that he really was an apostle with authority from God.

Parallels

Acts 15:5–21

People

Javan: Son of Japheth; ancestor of Greek people Titus: Gentile convert and companion of Paul

Glossary

Antioch of Syria Bible, Manuscripts and Text of the (New Testament) Chronology of the Bible (New Testament) Circumcision Faith Greece, Greek Judaizers Letter to the Galatians Paul the Apostle Peter, the Apostle Titus (Person) Titus, Letter to

Topics

Barnabas is Sent As an Emissary to Jerusalem Bigotry in Regard to Circumcision Christian Minister: Preach Without Authority Circumcision: Abrogated Circumcision: Necessity of, Denied by Paul Law: Temporary Titus: Accompanies Paul to Jerusalem