Translations
Original
Notes
The final chapters of 2 Samuel form a coda (a concluding section). This section brings together and summarizes the main themes from earlier chapters.
These chapters are thematic, not chronological (arranged by topic, not by time). Because of this, not all the events happened at the end of David’s reign (for example, 2 Samuel 22:1).
The material is arranged using a common Hebrew literary pattern called a chiasm (a mirror-like structure). In a chiasm, the first and last sections match, and the middle section is the focus.
The structure of this chiasm is as follows:
A: Saul’s sin against the Gibeonites and the punishment that affected the whole community (2 Samuel 21:1–14)
B: David’s warriors and their heroic deeds (2 Samuel 21:15–22)
C: David’s Psalm (2 Samuel 22:1–51)
C′: David’s Psalm (2 Samuel 23:1–7)
B′: David’s warriors and their heroic deeds (2 Samuel 23:8–39)
A′: David’s sin involving the census and the punishment that affected the whole community (2 Samuel 24:1–25)
A chiasm draws attention to the center section. Here, the center is David’s hymns. These hymns do not focus on David himself. Instead, they focus on David’s God.
Events
Parallels
Places
Dan: Israelite tribe; city in northern Israel; originally called Laish/Leshem Gilead: Mountainous region east of Jordan; tribal territory and personal name Ijon: A town in northern Israel conquered by Assyria Sidon: Phoenician city; home of Jezebel Tahtim-hodshi: A place visited during David's census of Israel
Glossary
Census Dan-jaan David Disease Moriah Samuel, Books of First and Second Sidon (Place), Sidonian Tahtim-hodshi
Topics
Armies: Enumeration of Israel's Military Forces Census: The Numbering of Israel by David Dan-Jaan: A Place Near the Source of the Jordan River Israel: Number of, when David Counted Joab: Son of David's Sister: Numbers the People Presumption: David, in Numbering Israel Rulers: Wicked: David, Numbering Israel and Judah Sidon: A City on the Northern Boundary of the Canaanites was on the Northern Boundary of the Tribe of Asher Tahtim-Hodshi: An Unknown Place