Definition
a primitive root; to duplicate or repeat; by implication, to protest, testify (as by reiteration); intensively, to encompass, restore (as a sort of reduplication)
Traditional renderings: admonish, charge, earnestly, lift up, protest, call (take) to record, relieve, rob, solemnly, stand upright, testify, give warning, (bear, call to, give, take to) witness.
Traditional renderings: admonish, charge, earnestly, lift up, protest, call (take) to record, relieve, rob, solemnly, stand upright, testify, give warning, (bear, call to, give, take to) witness.
In the Greek Old Testament
How the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament renders עוּד:
- διαμαρτύρομαιdiamarturomai“to testify solemnly”76%
- καίkai“and”7%
- ἀναλαμβάνωanalambanō“to take up”7%
- ἐκκλίνωekklinō“to turn from”3%
- μαρτυρέωmartureō“to testify”3%
- ἀνορθόωanorthoō“to restore”3%
Usage patterns
Occurrences
44 total
- Genesis 43:3הָעֵ֣ד · solemnly warned; הֵעִד֩But Judah replied, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’
- Exodus 19:21הָעֵ֣ד · and warn…and the LORD said to him, “Go down and warn the people not to break through to see the LORD, lest many of them perish.
- Exodus 19:23הַעֵדֹ֤תָה · solemnly warnedBut Moses said to the LORD, “The people cannot come up Mount Sinai, for You solemnly warned us, ‘Put a boundary around the mountain and set it apart as holy.’”
- Exodus 21:29וְהוּעַ֤ד · has been warnedBut if the ox has a habit of goring, and its owner has been warned yet does not restrain it, and it kills a man or woman, then the ox must be stoned and its owner must also be put to death.
- Deuteronomy 4:26הַעִידֹתִי֩ · as witnessesI call heaven and earth as witnesses against you this day that you will quickly perish from the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess. You will not live long upon it, but will be utterly destroyed.
- Deuteronomy 8:19הַעִדֹ֤תִי · I testifyIf you ever forget the LORD your God and go after other gods to worship and bow down to them, I testify against you today that you will surely perish.
- Deuteronomy 30:19הַעִידֹ֨תִי · as witnessesI call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing. Therefore choose life, so that you and your descendants may live,
- Deuteronomy 31:28וְאָעִ֣ידָה · to witnessAssemble before me all the elders of your tribes and all your officers so that I may speak these words in their hearing and call heaven and earth to witness against them.
- Deuteronomy 32:46מֵעִ֥יד · have solemnly declared…he said to them, “Take to heart all the words I have solemnly declared to you this day, so that you may command your children to carefully follow all the words of this law.
- 1 Samuel 8:9הָעֵ֤ד · you must solemnly warn; תָּעִיד֙Now listen to their voice; but you must solemnly warn them and show them the manner of the king who will reign over them.”
- 1 Kings 2:42וָאָעִ֤ד · and warn…the king summoned Shimei and said to him, “Did I not make you swear by the LORD and warn you, ‘On the day you leave and go elsewhere, know for sure that you will die’? And you told me, ‘The sentence is fair; I will comply.’
- 1 Kings 21:10וִיעִדֻ֣הוּ · and have them testifyBut seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, ‘You have cursed both God and the king!’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”
- 1 Kings 21:13וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩ · testifiedAnd the two scoundrels came in and sat opposite Naboth, and these men testified against him before the people, saying, “Naboth has cursed both God and the king!” So they took him outside the city and stoned him to death.
- 2 Kings 17:13וַיָּ֣עַד · warnedYet through all His prophets and seers, the LORD warned Israel and Judah, saying, “Turn from your wicked ways and keep My commandments and statutes, according to the entire Law that I commanded your fathers and delivered to you through My servants the prophets.”
- 2 Kings 17:15הֵעִ֖יד · He had givenThey rejected His statutes and the covenant He had made with their fathers, as well as the decrees He had given them. They pursued worthless idols and became worthless themselves, going after the surrounding nations that the LORD had commanded them not to imitate.
- 2 Chronicles 24:19וַיָּעִ֥ידוּ · and to testifyNevertheless, the LORD sent prophets to bring the people back to Him and to testify against them, but they would not listen.
- Nehemiah 9:26הֵעִ֥ידוּ · had admonishedBut they were disobedient and rebelled against You; they flung Your law behind their backs. They killed Your prophets, who had admonished them to return to You. They committed terrible blasphemies.
- Nehemiah 9:29וַתָּ֨עַד · You admonishedYou admonished them to turn back to Your law, but they were arrogant and disobeyed Your commandments. They sinned against Your ordinances, by which a man will live if he practices them. They turned a stubborn shoulder; they stiffened their necks and would not obey.
- Nehemiah 9:30וַתָּ֨עַד · admonishedYou were patient with them for many years, and Your Spirit admonished them through Your prophets. Yet they would not listen, so You gave them into the hands of the neighboring peoples.
- Nehemiah 9:34הַעִידֹ֖תָ · You gaveOur kings and leaders and priests and fathers did not obey Your law or listen to Your commandments and warnings that You gave them.
- Nehemiah 13:15וָאָעִ֕יד · So I warned themIn those days I saw people in Judah treading winepresses on the Sabbath and bringing in grain and loading it on donkeys, along with wine, grapes, and figs. All kinds of goods were being brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. So I warned them against selling food on that day.
- Nehemiah 13:21וָאָעִ֣ידָה · but I warned…but I warned them, “Why are you camping in front of the wall? If you do it again, I will lay hands on you.” From that time on, they did not return on the Sabbath.
- Job 29:11וַתְּעִידֵֽנִי׃ · commended meFor those who heard me called me blessed, and those who saw me commended me,
- Psalm 20:8וַנִּתְעוֹדָֽד׃ · and stand firmThey collapse and fall, but we rise up and stand firm.
- Psalm 50:7וְאָעִ֣ידָה · and I will testify“Hear, O My people, and I will speak, O Israel, and I will testify against you: I am God, your God.
- Psalm 81:8וְאָעִ֣ידָה · and I will warnHear, O My people, and I will warn you: O Israel, if only you would listen to Me!
- Psalm 119:61עִוְּדֻ֑נִי · bind meThough the ropes of the wicked bind me, I do not forget Your law.
- Psalm 146:9יְעוֹדֵ֑ד · He sustainsThe LORD protects foreigners; He sustains the fatherless and the widow, but the ways of the wicked He frustrates.
- Psalm 147:6מְעוֹדֵ֣ד · sustainsThe LORD sustains the humble, but casts the wicked to the ground.
- Isaiah 8:2וְאָעִ֣ידָה · And I will appointAnd I will appoint for Myself trustworthy witnesses—Uriah the priest and Zechariah son of Jeberekiah.”
- Jeremiah 6:10וְאָעִ֙ידָה֙ · this warningTo whom can I give this warning? Who will listen to me? Look, their ears are closed, so they cannot hear. See, the word of the LORD has become offensive to them; they find no pleasure in it.
- Jeremiah 11:7הָעֵ֨ד · I strongly warned them; הַעִדֹ֜תִי; וְהָעֵ֖דFor from the time I brought your fathers out of the land of Egypt until today, I strongly warned them again and again, saying, ‘Obey My voice.’
- Jeremiah 32:10וָאָעֵ֖ד · called in witnessesI signed and sealed the deed, called in witnesses, and weighed out the silver on the scales.
- Jeremiah 32:25וְהָעֵ֣ד · and call inYet You, O Lord GOD, have said to me, ‘Buy for yourself the field with silver and call in witnesses, even though the city has been delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans!’”
- Jeremiah 32:44וְהָעֵ֣דFields will be purchased with silver, and deeds will be signed, sealed, and witnessed in the land of Benjamin, in the areas surrounding Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah—the cities of the hill country, the foothills, and the Negev—because I will restore them from captivity, declares the LORD.”
- Jeremiah 42:19הַעִידֹ֥תִי · I have warnedThe LORD has told you, O remnant of Judah, ‘Do not go to Egypt.’ Know for sure that I have warned you today!
- Lamentations 2:13אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ · can I say for youWhat can I say for you? To what can I compare you, O Daughter of Jerusalem? To what can I liken you, that I may console you, O Virgin Daughter of Zion? For your wound is as deep as the sea. Who can ever heal you?
- Amos 3:13וְהָעִ֖ידוּ · and testifyHear and testify against the house of Jacob, declares the Lord GOD, the God of Hosts.
- Zechariah 3:6וַיָּ֙עַד֙ · gave this chargeThen the angel of the LORD gave this charge to Joshua:
- Malachi 2:14הֵעִ֨יד · has been a witnessYet you ask, “Why?” It is because the LORD has been a witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have broken faith, though she is your companion and your wife by covenant.