Isaiah 6:3

• The repeated use of the word holy shows that the Lord is completely set apart from all creation.

• all the earth is full: The Hebrew text does not include a verb in this line. Because of this, translators understand the seraphim’s words in two possible ways.

  1. The earth may already be filled with God’s glory through creation, even though sin has damaged it.

  2. The earth may be filled with the Lord’s glory in the future, when he fully establishes his rule as King over the earth.

  Both understandings point to the same truth. One day, the Lord’s glorious presence will be known more fully on earth. This will happen even though humankind is sinful and wicked nations are powerful.

  God also revealed His glory in a greater way through the incarnation, when the Son of God became human (John 12:41; 2 Corinthians 3:18; 4:4–7).

Isaiah’s great vision of the Lord as King on his throne was a turning point in his life. This vision shaped his work as a prophet.

Scholars understand the historical setting of this event in two main ways:

1. Some see Isaiah 6 as Isaiah's original call to ministry. This would mean Isaiah 1–5 and 7–12 belong to the time of King Ahaz. Ahaz began to rule after King Uzziah died(Isaiah 6:1).

   If this is correct, Isaiah’s call did not appear at the beginning of the book for literary reasons. Perhaps the author placed the call in chapter 6 to end chapters 1–5 and introduce chapters 7–12.

   Isaiah’s personal cleansing and commissioning show what the whole nation needed. The people also needed to turn back to God if they were to fulfill their calling to be God’s light to the world.

2. Others believe that chapters 1–12 follow a chronological order (in the order events happened).

   In this view, chapter 6 does not describe Isaiah’s first call. Instead, it describes a recommissioning. This means God sent Isaiah again to serve in a new way.

   This new stage of ministry took place during the time of Ahaz. During this period, people would reject Isaiah’s message.

   Supporters of this interpretation refer to Isaiah 2:7–9; 3:16–24; and 5:8–14. They argue that these sections describe a time of wealth, military strength, pride, and luxury. These conditions fit the reign of Uzziah but not the reign of Ahaz.