Genesis 10:29

• Almodad was an ancestor, region, or tribe in what is now Yemen.

• Sheleph was a tribe in Yemen.

• Hazarmaveth had a link to Hadramaut in southern Arabia.

• Jerah is unknown but might have a connection to Mount Barach.

• Hadoram was an Arabian tribe.

• Uzal was Sana’a, an ancient capital of Yemen before Islam.

• Diklah was a southern Arabian oasis in Mina.

• Obal was between Hodeida and Sana’a in southwest Arabia.

• Abimael was a Sabaean. These were an ancient people of southern Arabia.

• Sheba was in southern Arabia (see 10:7).

• Ophir was a region in southern Arabia between Sheba and Havilah. It was famous for gold (Isaiah 13:12).

• Havilah: See 10:7.

• Jobab might have been Jobebitai in southern Arabia.

Shem had 14 sons through Eber and Joktan. The tower of Babel story connects Joktan to God's judgment there (11:1–9) and connects Peleg to Abram (11:27–12:1).

• This section explains where the ancient Near Eastern nations came from. Ham was at the center (10:6–20)while the descendants of Japheth and Shem spread out to the surrounding regions of Greece, Crete, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Madai, the Arabian peninsula, and northeast Africa.

  The list is selective in focusing on nations important to Israel. The 70 names (seven times ten) indicate completeness (see 46:27; Deuteronomy 32:8). These names represent the whole world, which Abraham's descendants would later bless (Genesis 18:18).

• Although Shem is mentioned first in 10:1, he is addressed last in the Table because of his connection to Abram (10:21–31; 11:10–32; 12:1). Although God established the boundaries of all nations (see Deuteronomy 32:8; Amos 9:7; Acts 17:26), Israel was his special creation (a small group of 70 people; Genesis 46:27). God called them to be a blessing to a world of 70 nations (see 12:3).

The fifth account (10:1) in Genesis (see study note on 2:4) unites the Table of Nations (10:2–32) and the Babel story (11:1–9) around the theme of scattering the nations (10:5, 18; 11:4, 8–9). The Table of Nations appears before the Babel story, but the Babel event explains how the nations and languages in that list came to exist.

By placing these events in this order, Genesis connects the filling of the earth with the blessing God gave to Noah and his sons (see 9:1 and study note). It shows that the growth of the nations comes from God’s blessing.

This order also prepares for Abram’s call (12:1–3). Abram’s call shows God’s answer to the problem seen at Babel (11:1–9), where humans were separated from God. Through Abram, God begins to restore that relationship.