Translations
Modern
When Moses had finished reciting all these words to all Israel,
Traditional
And Moses made an end of speaking all these words to all Israel:
Literal
And Moses finished speaking all these words to all Israel,
Latin
Complevitque omnes sermones istos, loquens ad universum Israël,
Original
Hebrew
English
When Moses had finished reciting all these words to all Israel,
Notes
In ancient times, vows from both parties secured a treaty between individuals or nations. Israel's promise was in a song of witness that Moses composed under divine inspiration (31:19–22).
Israel probably sang the song during a regular covenant-renewal ceremony (31:21). They invoked upon themselves the covenant's judgments and reminded themselves of its promises.
Theme notes and profiles
Parallels
People
Israel: Patriarch, son of Isaac, father of twelve tribes Moses: Prophet who led Israel out of Egypt