Translations
Original
Notes
The final chapters of 2 Samuel form a coda (a concluding section). This section brings together and summarizes the main themes from earlier chapters.
These chapters are thematic, not chronological (arranged by topic, not by time). Because of this, not all the events happened at the end of David’s reign (for example, 2 Samuel 22:1).
The material is arranged using a common Hebrew literary pattern called a chiasm (a mirror-like structure). In a chiasm, the first and last sections match, and the middle section is the focus.
The structure of this chiasm is as follows:
A: Saul’s sin against the Gibeonites and the punishment that affected the whole community (2 Samuel 21:1–14)
B: David’s warriors and their heroic deeds (2 Samuel 21:15–22)
C: David’s Psalm (2 Samuel 22:1–51)
C′: David’s Psalm (2 Samuel 23:1–7)
B′: David’s warriors and their heroic deeds (2 Samuel 23:8–39)
A′: David’s sin involving the census and the punishment that affected the whole community (2 Samuel 24:1–25)
A chiasm draws attention to the center section. Here, the center is David’s hymns. These hymns do not focus on David himself. Instead, they focus on David’s God.
Events
Parallels
People
David: Anointed king of Israel, ancestor of Jesus Christ Gad: Prophet during the reigns of David and Solomon Jebusites: Canaanite tribe inhabiting Jerusalem before David's conquest Ornan: Jebusite, sold threshing floor to David
Glossary
Araunah David Gad (Person) Genesis, Book of Moriah Samuel, Books of First and Second Zion
Topics
Altar: Built by David Araunah: A Jebusite from Whom David Bought a Site for an Altar Gad: A Prophet to David: Bids David Build an Altar on the Threshing Floor of Ornan Jerusalem: David Purchases and Erects an Altar Upon Araunah's Threshing Floor Ornan: Called Araunah Plague: On the Israelites: On Account of David's Sin Threshing: Floor of Araunah Purchased by David for a Place of Sacrifice Threshing: The Place For: Called the Threshing Floor