Solomon

Solomon, also called Jedidiah, was the son of David and Bathsheba who succeeded his father as king of Israel and was renowned for his wisdom, wealth, and the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem.

The name Solomon means “peaceable; perfect; one who recompenses”

MaleKingTribe of JudahUnited Monarchy eraOld & New Testaments15 books443 verses

Summary

A king of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2 Samuel 5:14; referred to as Solomon (שְׁלֹמֹה), Jedidiah (יְדִידְיָה), or Solomon (Σολομών, Σαλωμών); son of David and Bathsheba; a brother of Shammua, Shobab and Nathan; half-brother of: Amnon, Chileab, Absalom, Adonijah, Shephatiah, Ithream, Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama, Eliada, Eliphelet, Tamar, Elpelet, Nogah and Jerimoth; husband of Pharaoh's daughter and Naamah; father of Taphath, Basemath and Rehoboam.

Profile

Solomon was the third king of Israel and the second son of David and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 12:13–25). He ruled for forty years, from 971 to 931 BC. When Solomon first became king he had strong faith in God. But, he ended his life worshiping idols, which led to the destruction of his kingdom.

As King David neared death, his son Adonijah tried to make himself king with support from the priest Abiathar and the general Joab (1 Kings 1:1–53). However, the kingdom was promised to Solomon (1 Kings 1:17; see 2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Chronicles 28:4–7). So, Bathsheba and the prophet Nathan told David about Adonijah’s plans. David quickly arranged for Solomon to be officially declared king. Then David advised Solomon to follow God faithfully (1 Kings 2:1–9).

Solomon loved God and asked for his help. God offered him a gift, and Solomon chose wisdom over long life, riches, or fame. As a result, God granted Solomon all of these:

Rabbis (Jewish teachers) said these books reflect three stages of his life: “When a man is young he composes songs; when he grows older he makes sententious remarks; and when he becomes an old man he speaks of the vanity of things” (Midrash Rabbah). He also built the temple in Jerusalem and his palace. He expanded trade and increased Israel's wealth and security. His wisdom and wealth were famous. The queen of Sheba visited Jerusalem to see him herself (1 Kings 10:1–29).

Solomon made many foreign alliances and married many foreign women, starting with the daughter of Egypt’s pharaoh (1 Kings 3:1). His foreign wives led him away from God and toward idols. Later in life, Solomon, once wise, became very foolish under their influence. He worshiped false gods and treated his people badly. As a result, God used Jeroboam to take away a large part of Solomon's kingdom.

Even so, the New Testament remembers Solomon’s wisdom and glory as the example by which others are judged. Jesus is the incarnation of God's wisdom (or God's wisdom in human form), which greatly exceeds Solomon's (Matthew 12:42; Luke 11:31).

Passages for Further Study

2 Samuel 12:24–25; 1 Kings 1:1–11:43; 2 Chronicles 1:1–9:31; Psalms 72:1–20; 127:1–5; Proverbs 1:1; Matthew 6:28–30; 12:42; Luke 11:31; 12:27

Events

Glossary entries

Solomon (Person) Jedidiah

Family members

Father

David

Mother

Bathsheba

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Alternative names

Mentions

443 verses

Includes 171 verses that refer to Solomon without naming them, as “he”, “she”, or the subject of a verb.

  1. 2 Samuel 5:14שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    These are the names of the children born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon,
  2. 2 Samuel 12:24שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then David comforted his wife Bathsheba, and he went to her and lay with her. So she gave birth to a son, and they named him Solomon. Now the LORD loved the child
  3. 2 Samuel 12:25יְדִידְיָה · Jedidiah
    …and sent word through Nathan the prophet to name him Jedidiah because the LORD loved him.
  4. 1 Kings 1:10שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    But he did not invite Nathan the prophet, Benaiah, the mighty men, or his brother Solomon.
  5. 1 Kings 1:11שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then Nathan said to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, “Have you not heard that Adonijah son of Haggith has become king, and our lord David does not know it?
  6. 1 Kings 1:12שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Now please, come and let me advise you. Save your own life and the life of your son Solomon.
  7. 1 Kings 1:13שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Go at once to King David and say, ‘My lord the king, did you not swear to your maidservant, “Surely your son Solomon will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne”? Why then has Adonijah become king?’
  8. 1 Kings 1:17שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    “My lord,” she replied, “you yourself swore to your maidservant by the LORD your God: ‘Surely your son Solomon will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne.’
  9. 1 Kings 1:19שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    And he has sacrificed an abundance of oxen, fattened calves, and sheep, and has invited all the other sons of the king, as well as Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army. But he has not invited your servant Solomon.
  10. 1 Kings 1:21שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Otherwise, when my lord the king rests with his fathers, I and my son Solomon will be counted as criminals.”
  11. 1 Kings 1:26שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    But me your servant he has not invited, nor Zadok the priest, nor Benaiah son of Jehoiada, nor your servant Solomon.
  12. 1 Kings 1:30שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    I will carry out this very day exactly what I swore to you by the LORD, the God of Israel: Surely your son Solomon will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne in my place.”
  13. 1 Kings 1:33שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    “Take my servants with you,” said the king. “Set my son Solomon on my own mule and take him down to Gihon.
  14. 1 Kings 1:34שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    There Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet are to anoint him king over Israel. You are to blow the ram’s horn and declare, ‘Long live King Solomon!’
  15. 1 Kings 1:35Referred to, not named
    Then you shall go up with him, and he is to come and sit on my throne and reign in my place. For I have appointed him ruler over Israel and Judah.”
  16. 1 Kings 1:37שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Just as the LORD was with my lord the king, so may He be with Solomon and make his throne even greater than that of my lord King David.”
  17. 1 Kings 1:38שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, along with the Cherethites and Pelethites, went down and set Solomon on King David’s mule, and they escorted him to Gihon.
  18. 1 Kings 1:39שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the tabernacle and anointed Solomon. Then they blew the ram’s horn, and all the people proclaimed, “Long live King Solomon!”
  19. 1 Kings 1:40Referred to, not named
    All the people followed him, playing flutes and rejoicing with such a great joy that the earth was split by the sound.
  20. 1 Kings 1:43שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    “Not at all,” Jonathan replied. “Our lord King David has made Solomon king.
  21. 1 Kings 1:44Referred to, not named
    And with Solomon, the king has sent Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, along with the Cherethites and Pelethites, and they have set him on the king’s mule.
  22. 1 Kings 1:45Referred to, not named
    Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king at Gihon, and they have gone up from there with rejoicing that rings out in the city. That is the noise you hear.
  23. 1 Kings 1:46שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Moreover, Solomon has taken his seat on the royal throne.
  24. 1 Kings 1:47שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    The king’s servants have also gone to congratulate our lord King David, saying, ‘May your God make the name of Solomon more famous than your own name, and may He make his throne greater than your throne.’ And the king has bowed in worship on his bed,
  25. 1 Kings 1:50שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    But Adonijah, in fear of Solomon, got up and went to take hold of the horns of the altar.
  26. 1 Kings 1:51שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    It was reported to Solomon: “Behold, Adonijah fears King Solomon, and he has taken hold of the horns of the altar, saying, ‘Let King Solomon first swear to me not to put his servant to the sword.’”
  27. 1 Kings 1:52שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    And Solomon replied, “If he is a man of character, not a single hair of his will fall to the ground. But if evil is found in him, he will die.”
  28. 1 Kings 1:53שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So King Solomon summoned Adonijah down from the altar, and he came and bowed down before King Solomon, who said to him, “Go to your home.”
  29. 1 Kings 2:1שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    As the time drew near for David to die, he charged his son Solomon,
  30. 1 Kings 2:2Referred to, not named
    “I am about to go the way of all the earth. So be strong and prove yourself a man.
  31. 1 Kings 2:3Referred to, not named
    And keep the charge of the LORD your God to walk in His ways and to keep His statutes, commandments, ordinances, and decrees, as written in the Law of Moses, so that you may prosper in all you do and wherever you turn,
  32. 1 Kings 2:5Referred to, not named
    Moreover, you know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me—what he did to Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether, the two commanders of the armies of Israel. He killed them in peacetime to avenge the blood of war. He stained with the blood of war the belt around his waist and the sandals on his feet.
  33. 1 Kings 2:6Referred to, not named
    So act according to your wisdom, and do not let his gray head go down to Sheol in peace.
  34. 1 Kings 2:7Referred to, not named
    But show loving devotion to the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those who eat at your table, because they stood by me when I fled from your brother Absalom.
  35. 1 Kings 2:8Referred to, not named
    Keep an eye on Shimei the son of Gera, the Benjamite from Bahurim who is with you. He called down bitter curses against me on the day I went to Mahanaim, but when he came down to meet me at the Jordan, I swore to him by the LORD: ‘I will never put you to the sword.’
  36. 1 Kings 2:9Referred to, not named
    Now therefore, do not hold him guiltless, for you are a wise man. You know what you ought to do to him to bring his gray head down to Sheol in blood.”
  37. 1 Kings 2:12שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So Solomon sat on the throne of his father David, and his kingdom was firmly established.
  38. 1 Kings 2:13שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Now Adonijah son of Haggith went to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, and she asked, “Do you come in peace?” “Yes, in peace,” he replied.
  39. 1 Kings 2:17שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Adonijah replied, “Please speak to King Solomon, since he will not turn you down. Let him give me Abishag the Shunammite as my wife.”
  40. 1 Kings 2:19שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So Bathsheba went to King Solomon to speak to him for Adonijah. The king stood up to greet her, bowed to her, and sat down on his throne. Then the king had a throne brought for his mother, who sat down at his right hand.
  41. 1 Kings 2:22שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    King Solomon answered his mother, “Why do you request Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? Since he is my older brother, you might as well request the kingdom for him and for Abiathar the priest and for Joab son of Zeruiah!”
  42. 1 Kings 2:23שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then King Solomon swore by the LORD: “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if Adonijah has not made this request at the expense of his life.
  43. 1 Kings 2:25שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So King Solomon gave orders to Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he struck down Adonijah and he died.
  44. 1 Kings 2:27שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So Solomon banished Abiathar from the priesthood of the LORD and thus fulfilled the word that the LORD had spoken at Shiloh against the house of Eli.
  45. 1 Kings 2:29שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    It was reported to King Solomon: “Joab has fled to the tent of the LORD and is now beside the altar.” So Solomon sent Benaiah son of Jehoiada, saying, “Go, strike him down!”
  46. 1 Kings 2:41שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    When Solomon was told that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath and had returned,
  47. 1 Kings 2:45שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    But King Solomon will be blessed and David’s throne will remain secure before the LORD forever.”
  48. 1 Kings 2:46שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then the king commanded Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he went out and struck Shimei down, and he died. Thus the kingdom was firmly established in the hand of Solomon.
  49. 1 Kings 3:1שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Later, Solomon formed an alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt by marrying his daughter. Solomon brought her to the City of David until he had finished building his palace and the house of the LORD, as well as the wall around Jerusalem.
  50. 1 Kings 3:3שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    And Solomon loved the LORD and walked in the statutes of his father David, except that he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places.
  51. 1 Kings 3:4שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Now the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, for it was the great high place. Solomon offered a thousand burnt offerings on the altar there.
  52. 1 Kings 3:5שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    One night at Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream, and God said, “Ask, and I will give it to you!”
  53. 1 Kings 3:6שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Solomon replied, “You have shown much loving devotion to Your servant, my father David, because he walked before You in faithfulness, righteousness, and uprightness of heart. And You have maintained this loving devotion by giving him a son to sit on his throne this very day.
  54. 1 Kings 3:10שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Now it pleased the Lord that Solomon had made this request.
  55. 1 Kings 3:11Referred to, not named
    So God said to him, “Since you have asked for this instead of requesting long life or wealth for yourself or death for your enemies—but you have asked for discernment to administer justice—
  56. 1 Kings 3:12Referred to, not named
    …behold, I will do what you have asked. I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been another like you, nor will there ever be.
  57. 1 Kings 3:13Referred to, not named
    Moreover, I will give you what you did not request—both riches and honor—so that during all your days no man in any kingdom will be your equal.
  58. 1 Kings 3:14Referred to, not named
    So if you walk in My ways and keep My statutes and commandments, just as your father David did, I will prolong your days.”
  59. 1 Kings 3:15שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then Solomon awoke, and indeed it had been a dream. So he returned to Jerusalem, stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. Then he held a feast for all his servants.
  60. 1 Kings 4:1שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So King Solomon ruled over Israel,
  61. 1 Kings 4:7שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel to provide food for the king and his household. Each one would arrange provisions for one month of the year,
  62. 1 Kings 4:11שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Ben-abinadab in Naphath-dor (Taphath, a daughter of Solomon, was his wife);
  63. 1 Kings 4:15שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Ahimaaz in Naphtali (he had married Basemath, a daughter of Solomon);
  64. 1 Kings 4:21שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    And Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life.
  65. 1 Kings 4:22שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Solomon’s provisions for a single day were thirty cors of fine flour, sixty cors of meal,
  66. 1 Kings 4:24Referred to, not named
    For Solomon had dominion over everything west of the Euphrates—over all the kingdoms from Tiphsah to Gaza—and he had peace on all sides.
  67. 1 Kings 4:25שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Throughout the days of Solomon, Judah and Israel dwelt securely from Dan to Beersheba, each man under his own vine and his own fig tree.
  68. 1 Kings 4:26שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Solomon had 4,000 stalls for his chariot horses and 12,000 horses.
  69. 1 Kings 4:27שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Each month the governors in turn provided food for King Solomon and all who came to his table. They saw to it that nothing was lacking.
  70. 1 Kings 4:29שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    And God gave Solomon wisdom, exceedingly deep insight, and understanding beyond measure, like the sand on the seashore.
  71. 1 Kings 4:30שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Solomon’s wisdom was greater than that of all the men of the East, greater than all the wisdom of Egypt.
  72. 1 Kings 4:31Referred to, not named
    He was wiser than all men—wiser than Ethan the Ezrahite, and wiser than Heman, Calcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol. And his fame spread throughout the surrounding nations.
  73. 1 Kings 4:32Referred to, not named
    Solomon composed three thousand proverbs, and his songs numbered a thousand and five.
  74. 1 Kings 4:33Referred to, not named
    He spoke of trees, from the cedar in Lebanon to the hyssop growing in the wall, and he taught about animals, birds, reptiles, and fish.
  75. 1 Kings 4:34שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So men of all nations came to listen to Solomon’s wisdom, sent by all the kings of the earth, who had heard of his wisdom.
  76. 1 Kings 5:1שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Now when Hiram king of Tyre heard that Solomon had been anointed king in his father’s place, he sent envoys to Solomon; for Hiram had always been a friend of David.
  77. 1 Kings 5:2שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    And Solomon relayed this message to Hiram:
  78. 1 Kings 5:3Referred to, not named
    “As you are well aware, due to the wars waged on all sides against my father David, he could not build a house for the Name of the LORD his God until the LORD had put his enemies under his feet.
  79. 1 Kings 5:4Referred to, not named
    But now the LORD my God has given me rest on every side, and there is no adversary or crisis.
  80. 1 Kings 5:5Referred to, not named
    So behold, I plan to build a house for the Name of the LORD my God, according to what the LORD said to my father David: ‘I will put your son on your throne in your place, and he will build the house for My Name.’
  81. 1 Kings 5:6Referred to, not named
    Now therefore, order that cedars of Lebanon be cut down for me. My servants will be with your servants, and I will pay your servants whatever wages you set, for you know that there are none among us as skilled in logging as the Sidonians.”
  82. 1 Kings 5:7שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    When Hiram received Solomon’s message, he rejoiced greatly and said, “Blessed be the LORD this day! He has given David a wise son over this great people!”
  83. 1 Kings 5:8שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then Hiram sent a reply to Solomon, saying: “I have received your message; I will do all you desire regarding the cedar and cypress timber.
  84. 1 Kings 5:9Referred to, not named
    My servants will haul the logs from Lebanon to the Sea, and I will float them as rafts by sea to the place you specify. There I will separate the logs, and you can take them away. And in exchange, you can meet my needs by providing my household with food.”
  85. 1 Kings 5:10שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So Hiram provided Solomon with all the cedar and cypress timber he wanted,
  86. 1 Kings 5:11שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    …and year after year Solomon would provide Hiram with 20,000 cors of wheat as food for his household, as well as 20,000 baths of pure olive oil.
  87. 1 Kings 5:12שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as He had promised him. There was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.
  88. 1 Kings 5:13שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then King Solomon conscripted a labor force of 30,000 men from all Israel.
  89. 1 Kings 5:15שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Solomon had 70,000 porters and 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains,
  90. 1 Kings 5:16שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    …not including his 3,300 foremen who supervised the workers.
  91. 1 Kings 5:18שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So Solomon’s and Hiram’s builders, along with the Gebalites, quarried the stone and prepared the timber and stone for the construction of the temple.
  92. 1 Kings 6:1שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    In the four hundred and eightieth year after the Israelites had come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon’s reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv, the second month, he began to build the house of the LORD.
  93. 1 Kings 6:2שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    The house that King Solomon built for the LORD was sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high.
  94. 1 Kings 6:11שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    Then the word of the LORD came to Solomon, saying:
  95. 1 Kings 6:12Referred to, not named
    “As for this temple you are building, if you walk in My statutes, carry out My ordinances, and keep all My commandments by walking in them, I will fulfill through you the promise I made to your father David.
  96. 1 Kings 6:14שְׁלֹמֹה · Solomon
    So Solomon built the temple and finished it.
  97. 1 Kings 6:15Referred to, not named
    He lined the interior walls with cedar paneling from the floor of the temple to the ceiling, and he covered the floor with cypress boards.
  98. 1 Kings 6:16Referred to, not named
    He partitioned off the twenty cubits at the rear of the temple with cedar boards from floor to ceiling to form within the temple an inner sanctuary, the Most Holy Place.
  99. 1 Kings 6:19Referred to, not named
    Solomon also prepared the inner sanctuary within the temple to set the ark of the covenant of the LORD there.
  100. 1 Kings 6:20Referred to, not named
    The inner sanctuary was twenty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and twenty cubits high. He overlaid the inside with pure gold, and he also overlaid the altar of cedar.