The nomads of Kedar moved freely in the upper Arabian Desert, east of Palestine. They were a warlike people (Psalm 120:5–7; Isaiah 21:13–16) who raised animals for profitable trade with Tyre (Ezekiel 27:21).
Hazor was a region east of Damascus where nomads lived.
The poem encourages King Nebuchadnezzar to attack and describes the battles' effects.