Jacob’s descendants will grow, and the remaining people will increase (Isaiah 37:31; see also 5:24; 14:30; for application to the Messiah, see 11:1, 10).
fill the whole world: This prophecy goes beyond Israel's return from exile to the second coming of the Lord Jesus. It includes all righteous children of God (Jews and non-Jews) who suffer but stay obedient while waiting for complete redemption (see Isaiah 26:18; John 15:1–8).