Study note

2 Corinthians 11:25

  • Paul was beaten with rods three times. This Roman punishment happened at Philippi, even though he was a Roman citizen and should have been exempt (Acts 16:22–24, 37).

  • He was stoned once at Lystra (Acts 14:19).

  • He was shipwrecked three times. These events are not detailed elsewhere. Paul's shipwreck on the way to Rome happened later (Acts 27:1–44).