Study note

Amos 3:13

  • The Lord's message is for all of Israel, also known as the house of Jacob. Jacob was the ancestor of both Israel and Judah.

  • The witnesses who are told to listen could be the nations mentioned in Amos 3:9, the people of Samaria, or groups of prophets.

  • the God of Hosts: This title (also in Amos 4:13; 5:14–16, 27; 6:8) shows God as the leader of the heavenly armies. This is the true God of the universe, not a local deity (see also Exodus 15:3).