σάρξ

σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ

[in LXX chiefly for בָּשָׂר ;]

flesh;

1. as in cl. generally,

(a) prop., of the soft substance of the animal body: 1 Corinthians 15:39, 2 Corinthians 12:7, Galatians 6:13, al.; σ. καὶ αἷμα, 1 Corinthians 5:50; σ. καὶ ὀστέα, Luke 24:39; pl., of the flesh of many or parts of the flesh of one (cl.), Revelation 17:16; 19:18; φαγεῖν, Re, ll. with (cf. κατεσθίειν, 2 Kings 9:36, al., and βιβρώσκειν, frequently in l.); metaphorically, James 5:3; mystically, φ. (τρώγειν) τὴν σ. τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου, John 6:52-56;

(b) Of the whole substance of the body, = σῶμα: Acts 2:26 (LXX), 31, 2 Corinthians 12:7, Galatians 4:14, Ephesians 5:29; μία σ., Mark 10:8; εἰς σ. μίαν (Genesis 2:24), Matthew 19:5, Mark 10:8, 1 Corinthians 6:16, Ephesians 5:31; hence, of the material as opposite to the immaterial part of man (cf. Lft., Notes, 88): opposite to πνεῦμα, 1 Corinthians 5:5, 2 Corinthians 7:1, Colossians 2:5, 1 Peter 3:18; 4:6; to ψύχη, Acts 2:31, Rec.; of the present life, ἐν (τῇ) σ., Romans 7:5, Galatians 2:20, Philippians 1:22, 24, 1 Peter 4:2; of Christ's life on earth, αἱ ἡμέραι τ. σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ, Hebrews 5:7; of things pertaining to the body, ἐν (τῇ) σ., Galatians 6:12, 13, Philippians 3:3, 4.

2. As in Heb. idiom,

(a) of a living creature: πᾶσα σ. (Heb. כָּל־בָּשָׂר; cf. Bl., §47, 9), Matthew 24:22, Mark 13:20, 1 Peter 1:24; esp. of man and his mortality (Psa.55 (56):5, Sir.28.5, al.), John 1:14; πᾶσα σ. (see supr.), Luke 3:6, John 17:2, Acts 2:17, ἐν σ., 1 John 4:2, 1 Timothy 3:16;

(b) of natural origin and relationship (Genesis 2:24, Isaiah 58:7, al.): τέκνα τῆς σ., Romans 9:8; κατὰ σάρκα, ib. 3, 5, 1 Corinthians 10:18, Galatians 4:23, 29; ἡ σ. μου, Romans 11:14 (cf. Judges 9:2, 2 Samuel 5:1, al.).

3. Of the physical nature as subject to sensation and desire (Plut.),

(a) without any ethical disparagement: Romans 7:18; 13:14; opposite to πνεῦμα, Matthew 26:41, Mark 14:38; τ. θέλημα τῆς σ., John 1:13; ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σ., 1 John 2:16; pl., 2 Peter 2:18; παθεῖν σαρκί, 1 Peter 4:1;

(b) in ethical sense, esp. in Pauline Epp., of the flesh as the seat and vehicle of sinful desires: opposite to νοῦς, Romans 7:25; to πνεῦμα, Romans 8:4-9, 12, 13, Galatians 5:16, 17, 19; 6:8 (cf. DB, ii, 14f.; iv, 165f.; Cremer, 844ff.).